Humberto Castro

por Irina Leyva
ArtNexus No. 64 – Dic 2006

Read English version here

Una retrospectiva de la obra de los últimos quince años del pintor cubano Humberto Castro se inauguró en la Galería Virginia Miller de Coral Gables. Titulada “Humberto Castro: pinturas y dibujos, 1990-2006”, la muestra consistió en diecisiete obras; de ellas, catorce pinturas y tres dibujos.

En esta exposición pueden delimitarse estilísticamente tres períodos: uno que comprende las obras de 1990, uno segundo de 1993 a 1994, y el tercero, a partir de 1995. Las obras de 1990 cubren el proceso de transición entre la década de los ochenta; y las que vendrían después, a partir de 1993. Las figuras todavía tienen puntos de contacto con el estilo bad painting por el que era conocido Humberto Castro en los ochenta, mantiene el colorido brillante pero a la vez empezamos a ver la distribución espacial que caracterizaría su obra en el futuro. De esta transición hay dos obras en la retrospectiva, El pez de hierro y La casa de virgo.

Entre 1993 y 1994, las obras que produce resaltan por su lirismo. Durante este tiempo hace obras en las que exploraba el filosófico tema del minotauro en su laberinto. Cuerpos contorsionados mostraban de cierta manera las inquietudes internas del artista, sus preocupaciones existenciales devenidas de su condición de exiliado, ya que por estos años estaba viviendo en París. En la muestra se presentaron dos piezas en tela de esta etapa, ambas de 1994, tituladas La espiral eterna y Viaje imaginario. Estas obras son de gran formato y con una paleta de colores reducida con respecto a sus obras anteriores. Se caracterizan por una combinación de rojo/carmelita con ocre, dando como resultado un contraste dramático.

Los tres dibujos de la exposición son de este período, dos de 1993 y uno del 1994. Ejecutados en tinta, las figuras están solucionadas a partir de una combinación de sombras y contornos, dando la sensación de estar flotando. El tema de los dibujos continúa siendo el del minotauro, temática que exploró extensivamente en la serie producida entre estos dos años.

A partir de 1995 comienzan a advertirse cambios estructurales y en su paleta. Se simplifican las líneas para dar paso a un nuevo uso de colores más puros y fuertes, probablemente una consecuencia de su retorno al trópico, ya que, en 1999, Humberto Castro se muda permanentemente de París a Miami. Estos cambios son más visibles en las piezas del año 2000, en las que los fondos son de colores más planos y las figuras comienzan a aparecer más aisladas, reflejando un período de introspección. Continúa con sus exploraciones del cuerpo humano y sus indagaciones filosóficas, haciéndose más latente el tema del exilio, iconográficamente más visible a través de símbolos bien concretos. Entre estos símbolos se destacan botes, la presencia del mar y mapas de Cuba. Entre las obras que resumen este estado de ánimo pueden mencionarse dos específicamente: Sueño transcurriendo, de 1995, en la que plasma una figura en posición fetal en un bote, en un viaje onírico a sus orígenes; y La lección de anatomía, de 2000, en la que se delimita el mapa de Cuba en una silueta con una máscara.

De las obras en las que trata las consecuencias del exilio podríamos citar dos en específico. Una de ellas es Comme des poissons, de 1998, en la que aparecen dos figuras, criaturas híbridas mitad humanas, mitad pez, y viceversa; en el medio de ambas, un péndulo. Humberto Castro habla de la evolución de cada uno, de las respuestas ante diferentes aspectos de la nueva vida a la que nos enfrentamos una vez que emigramos. Las caras son desdibujadas, carentes de una identidad, una alusión al proceso de transformación por el que pasa cada uno en su nueva vida. Otra obra que toca esta temática es Traversee, de 2000, en la que aparece una figura humana con un caracol a cuestas, hablando de la perpetua movilidad y la inestabilidad del exiliado.

En sentido general, la muestra fue cuidadosamente preparada teniendo en cuenta una selección balanceada de las obras del artista. Puede apreciarse una característica que unifica toda la obra de Humberto Castro, independientemente del estilo y período de creación, y es el carácter autobiográfico de la misma, manteniendo como tema central al ser humano y sus emociones. Esta retrospectiva marca el final de una etapa creativa en su carrera y el comienzo de una nueva.

Elmar Rojas

Elmar RojasElmar Rojas is a leading Guatemalan painter whose works regularly are featured in sales of major international auction houses, in prestigious Latin American exhibitions, and in such art fairs as those associated with Art Basel Miami Beach. Rojas’ paintings have been compared to the literary works of Gabriel Garcia Márquez, the renowned Colombian author whose magic realism won the Nobel Prize for Literature. Rooted in his country’s folklore, his distinctive surrealistic figures under large hats have been widely exhibited for more than 35 years. Born in 1938, Rojas practiced as an architect before studying art in Guatemala, Spain, France and Italy. His international awards include the Gran Premio Iberoamericano “Cristobal Colón,” presented in Madrid in 1964. See more here.

Arnaldo Roche-Rabell, Master Artist of Puerto Rico

Arnaldo Roche-RabellArnaldo Roche-Rabell, internationally known as one of the leading artists from Puerto Rico, actually launched his career in Chicago. While living there as an art student, he began showing his work in university galleries and alternative spaces. At one of those shows in the Art Institute of Chicago he took a first prize of $5,000, which he used for his master’s degree tuition at the institute.

That was in 1984. Today Roche-Rabell is represented in dozens of stellar collections, including those of the New York’s Metropolitan Museum and Museo del Barrio, the Hirshhorn Museum in Washington, the Art Museum of the Rhode Island School of Design, the Indianapolis Museum of Art, Houston’s Museum of Fine Arts, the Art Institute of Chicago, and other leading museums in Mexico, Venezuela and Puerto Rico, along with important private collections such as Chase Manhattan Bank and Carson, Pirie, Scott and Company in Chicago.

His work has been exhibited in major museums and leading galleries throughout the world. A recent solo exhibition, “Fraternal: The Bridge Between My Brother and Me,” was shown at Virginia Commonwealth University, the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, the Nevada Musem of Art, and the Kranner Art Museum at the University of Illinois.

Marimar Benitez, writing in “Boricua Culture,” notes that “Roche Rabell”s very process of painting explores the relationship between image and reality, between the object and its representation, and simultaneously involves a ritual with sexual and metaphysical connotations. Many of his works are based on visions and dreams, which he transforms into forceful visual images.”

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Spiritual Canvases of Heriberto Mora Stimulate Imagination

Heriberto MoraPicture it in your mind: thousands of multihued dabs of paint filling two-thirds of a four-foot canvas, fading into pale oblivion at its top. In the right corner, a bevelled window opening into bright light that flows through the window onto an artist’s palette furnished with an array of colors. Framed in the window opening is a single bell, linked to the palette by a taut cord. Could it be the palette of a deity, who mixes the colors of the world’s multiethnic masses represented by the colorful strokes of paint below? Is the bell a reminder of the belief that every time a bell rings, an angel gets its wings?

Another canvas features hundreds of buildings, each atop its own towering cube, in a barren tan plain. The buildings seem to radiate out a single cleared area in a symmetrical forest. In the key-shaped clearing stands a teepee. The composition reminds us that before we bulldozed most of our nation, the Indians lived in harmony with nature.

Paintings by Heriberto Mora, whose enigmatic oils are featured in our current exhibition, “Visiones Personales,” often suggest a spiritual or environmental message. Mora had three paintings featured in a 2004 Hollywood film, “Curdled.” He also has had his work featured as covers on four books.

After graduating from the San Alejandro Academy of Fine Arts in Havana, Mora followed the path of many other emigrating Cubans, first moving to Spain and then to Florida. Since then he has exhibited in a number of galleries in Florida, New York, North Carolina, the Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico.

Mora’s provocative works are included in such collections as the Lowe Art Museum and Frost Art Museum, both in Miami, and the Fort Lauderdale Museum of Art, along with the Absolut Vodka Collection in New York as well as private collections in Madrid, Paris, New York, Bogota, Miami, Washington, Caracas, Buenos Aires, Monterrey, Mexico City and San Juan.

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Dreamy 'Mindscapes' of Guillermo Londoño Stretch Mental Horizons

Guillermo LondoñoFans of the dreamy imaginary landscapes of Colombian painter Guillermo Londoño are in for a treat: the gallery just received seven handsome new canvases. Londoño’s work reflects his travels and international education. After studying art in Colombia and receiving a degree in fine art from the University of California, Berkeley, Londoño was one of several artists invited to work in the studio of José Luis Cuevas in Mexico City. Attracted to the paintings of Mark Rothko and Clifford Still, the young Colombian now became enthralled by the paintings of Rufino Tamayo. The techniques of those masters occasionally can be seen to influence the paintings of Londoño’s. The artist stresses that his works do not represent actual landscapes, but are “mindscapes,” composed of images compiled from his accrued store of memories. Born in Bogotá, his solo exhibitions have ranged from his home city to Berlin, Tokyo, and Miami.

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Outstanding Works by Antonio Henrique Amaral, Master Artist of Brazil

Antonio Henrique AmaralSeveral outstanding examples of paintings by leading Brazilian artist Antonio Amaral are on the gallery web site under Artists, Masters. Photographs can only indicate the subject matter of works by Amaral, whose astonishing range of intriguing techniques and subtle blending of colors always prove fascinating.

One of the gallery’s new acquisitions, “Antagonic Fields or Fields of Opposites,” is an eight-foot 1992 canvas contrasting industrial smokestacks with layered fields of olive and rust that suggest crops. It appears to be bridging a series called “Greens and Smoke” and another major work, “Campo de Opostos,” illustrated in the monumental biographical catalog, “Antonio Henrique Amaral, Obra em Processo,” by Sullivan, Morais and Milliet.

To quote one of its authors, professor Edward J. Sullivan, “Amaral holds a pivotal position in the history of twentieth century Brazilian art.” His work “possesses many elements that link him to the constructivist urge that is so powerful not only in Brazilian art but in that of many other Latin American nations.”

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Drama, Emotion from Colombian Master Artist Alejandro Obregón

Alejandro ObregónUnquestionably one of the most important Colombian artists of the century, Obregón was born in Barcelona in 1920 and grew up in Colombia and England before studying art in Boston. He returned to Barcelona when he was 27 to serve as the Colombian Vice-Consul for a year. When he was 28 he was named director of a leading art school in Colombia, but left the post after a year to live in Paris and to launch his career as an artist. He exhibited there and elsewhere in France as well as in Germany and Switzerland. Influenced by Picasso, Graham Sutherland and various Colombian masters, his unique style was apparent by 1955. In 1962 he was awarded first place in the most important annual salon in Colombia. In 1965 he represented his country with a pavillion of his own at the Ninth São Paulo Biennial, where he was presented the premier award for a Latin American artist, the Francisco Matarazzo Sobrinho Grand Prize. Much of his work features Colombian themes, such as a barracuda or condor, rendered in stylistic broad strokes of dramatic color. Street violence and other current events are the themes of a number of his last paintings.

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Paintings, Photos Etched on Aluminum, and Works on Paper by Leading Chilean Artist Soledad Salamé

Soledad SalaméSoledad Salamé, whose works range from monumental museum installations to 16-inch photos etched into aluminum, now has a more extensive presence on the gallery web site. Along with three-part section of Salamé’s works divided into Paintings, Photographs and Works on Paper, there also are essays on the artist’s solar sculptures by the Venezuelan art historian Bélgica Rodriguez and on her series “The Labyrinth of Time,” by K. Mitchell Snow, a writer and critic based in Miami, Florida. Amplifying those are two recent reviews by K. Mitchell Snow and Edward J. Sullivan, Professor of Fine Arts at New York University’s Institute of Fine Arts.

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New Works by Award-Winning Glass Artist Linda Behar

Linda BeharA graduate civil engineer who always wanted to be an artist, when Linda Behar switched careers she attended a series of schools in photography, blacksmithing, metal casting and finally, glass fabrication at two of the nation’s leading schools for artists working with glass, Pilchuck Glass School and Penland School of Craft.

Behar’s mixed-media constructions contain references to her engineering background, her joy of unfettering her creativity on becoming an artist, her family and her travels. She has won four major awards in her native Venezuela and has participated in some three dozen exhibitions since 1991.

Behar’s new series, “Shadow of the Time,” consists of 32 boxes, each 5 1/2 inches square, incorporating her trademark cast-glass elements into exquisite compositions on the theme of time. The series is divided into eight sections of four works under such umbrella titles as “Time for Hope” and “Time for Music.” The inexpensive boxes are sold separately but cry out for grouping.

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Beyond Geometric Abstractions by Argentine Artist Ernesto Berra

Ernesto BerraOne of the newest additions to the gallery’s extensive inventory are paintings and assemblage by the renowned Argentine artist Ernesto Berra. With more than 60 solo exhibitions and a dozen top awards, Berra is one of the leading artists in a nation known for its outstanding plastic arts.

Berra’s geometric abstractions, which evolved from a period of abstract assemblage that paid homage to Joaquín Torres-Garcia, sometimes are referred to as “walls.” Some of the works resemble deteriorating walls in urban settings, but critics and art historians agree that Berra’s finely tuned composition and color elevates the work to a more spiritual plane.

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